Improvement in grain-drills



2 Sheets-Sheet 1.

W. H- NAUMAN.

Grain-Drill.

No. 205,892. Patented July 9, 1878.

15!) Zwegpepg- N- PEI'ERS. PHOT UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

\VILLIAM II. NAUMAN, OF DAYTON, ()IIIO.

IMPROVEMENT IN GRAIN-DRILLS.

Specification forming part of Letters Patent No. 205,892, dated July 9,1878; application filed August 2, 1877.

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, WILLIAM H. NAUMAN, of I)ayton,inthe county ofMontgon'iery'and State of Ohio, have invented certain new and usefulImprovements in Grain-Drills; and I do hereby declare the following tobe a full, clear, and exact description of the same.

This invention relates to that class of graindrills in which thedrag-bars are attached alternately to two connected swinging bars hungin the front part of the frame, and by which the hoes can be shiftedfrom a straight to a zigzag rank, or vice versa.

My improvements consist, first, in the application to the swinging barsof an arm, which may be operated by hand from the rear, to change therank of the hoes, or which may be connected to a cam mechanism eitherupon the axle or hub of the carriage-wheel, whereby the hoes will have aconstant reciprocating movement; second, in the construction andapplication to the operating gearing and lifting-bar'of apeculiarly-constructed lever, whereby the seed mechanism will be thrownout of gear and stopped upon raising the hoes from the ground; third, inthe construction and application of a perforated adjustable board,whereby the grass-seed can be thrown in the front or in the rear of thehoeswithout making it necessary to shift the grass-seed hopper.

In the accompanying drawings, Figure 1, Sheet 1, is a sideelevation ofmy improved drill, with a wheel removed and a portion of the near sidebeam. broken away. Fig. 2, Sheet 1, is a side elevation of the oppositeside of the drill, showing the gearing for operating the seedmechanism.Fig. 3, Sheet 1, is a detail view of the hub-ratchetin elevation. Fig.4, Sheet 2, is a rear elevation of the hopper, showing the applicationof the feedwheels, land-measure, and grass-seed shifter.

Fig. 5, Sheet 2, is a plan view of my improved seed-cup. Fig. 6, Sheet2, is an end elevation of the'same. Fig. 7, Sheet 2, is a side elevationof my improved feed-wheel. Fig. 8, Sheet 2, is an end elevation of thesame. Fig. 9, Sheet 2, is a central sectional view in side elevationof'my improved land-measure. Fig. 10, Sheet 2, is a side elevation ofthe springhoe. Fig, 11, Sheet 2, is a plan view of parts of the same.

Like letters of reference indicate the same parts in all the figures.

I construct theframework of my drill and mount the hopper and grass-seedbox thereon in the usual manner. The swinging beams A, to which thefront ends of the drag-bars are attached, are constructed and connectedas shown and claimed in my Patent No. 181,588, granted to me August 29,1876. To shift the hoes, however, I provide the following mechanism,reference being had to Fig. 1. The end plate a of the rear beam Aextends be low the beam, and projects laterally under the side beam ofthe drill-frame to form a bearing, to which is pivoted the forward endof an arm, B. The arm is a fiat metal bar, extending rearwardly andupwardly, as shown, along the side of the drill, and through abearingplate, I), until it terminates in a convenient handle just in therear of the hopper.

Either upon the axle O or the hub of one of the carriage-wheels D iskeyed an eccentric or cam confined between two concentric disks thatform awheel, E, the cam being represented by the dotted lines.

Upon a bearingplate, F, attached to the side beam just under the end ofthe hopper, is pivoted at c a lever, G, of the shape shown, having abifurcated portion encompassing the cam between the disks of the wheelE, and an upward extension whose top end lies against the outer side ofthe arm B. In the top of the arm, at the point of intersection, is aslot, 0, (represented in dotted 'lines,) m which a stud, e, projectingfrom the inner top side of the arm of the lever Gr, fits and is held bya screw, cl, passed through the lever G and under a widened portion, 6,of the arm B.

It can be readily understood how the revolution of the cam-wheel E wouldcause the oscillation of the lever G, and consequently the reciprocationof the arm B and of the drag-bars connected to the beams A. By thismeans the hoes would be constantly changing their rank during theoperation of the drill, to free themselves of rubbish and to act in ameasure as harrows. To prevent this motion, it is only necessary towithdraw the screw l, when the arm B would fall sufficiently todisengage its slot from the stud of the lever G. It could then beoperated from the rear by the hand to adjust the ranks of the hoes,slots f in its umler edge, in connection with a pin in the bearing-plateI). serving to hold the lever adjusted at any desired point.

3y reference to Fig. I; the second part of my invention will be clearlyunderstood. It is well known that the feed mechanism ot' drills isusually driven by means of a gearwheel attached to the hub of either oneof the carriage-wheels, or by having it keyed to the axle together withone of the supportingwheels, the other being loose, and that when thedrill is being turned on that wheel as a pivot the seedingmechanismnecessarilystops, inasmuch as the wheel does not revolve.

1n alike manner, in going over rutty or uneven ground, when the drillhas to go in a zigzag manner, tirst on one wheel and then on the other,the seeding mechanism has in consequence an intermittent action. amldoes not sow uniformly.

It is my purpose to remedy this dilliculty by keying the drivinggear-wheel ll to the axle C, Fig. 2., and not to the wheel-hub, and byattaching the wheels to the axle by means of inside hub-ratehets, one ofwhich is shown in elevation in Fig. .l. The outer side of the hub isreeessed,and its inner rim is provided withgear-teeth a, which t'ormratchets. Over the end of the axle (7 is then slipped a disk, on theinner side ot which is pivoted a dog, I), held in engagement with theteeth a by means of a spiral orother spring. 41. Thisdisk snugly titsinto the aperture of the recess in the hub, and it is keyed to the axle,so that when the wheels revolve lbrward the axle also revolves withthem; but when they revolve backward the dogs will slip over theratchets and the axle will remain stationary.

It can now be readily understood how, when either wheel advances in theact ot turlr ing the drill around or otherwise, the axle anddriving-gearwheel ll will revolve continuously and uninterrupted] y.

Another advantage of this arrangcnu-nt is that in backing the drill theseeding mechanism ceases its action automatically, and does not requirethat the feedgears be disengaged.

The second part of my invention is illustrated in Fig. 2. ll is thedriving-gear wheel, keyed to the axle I is the gear-wheel, keyed uponthe end of the seed-wheel shat't J and loosely hung upon this shaft.next to the inner side of the gearwheel, is an arm, lv', extendingdownward, as represented by the dotted lines, and then rearward, asshown, to the end of the side beam of the drill-frame. Through the endof this bell-crank arm is a heart-shaped recess, as shown; and in thisrecess works a ca1n,f, of the shape shown, which is keyed upon the endof the crank-arm to which the rear lifting-bar I. is connected. lpon thearm K, at its angle, is pivoted the gear-wheel M, connecting the wheelsII aml l, and meshing with the wheel I is the wheel X, keyed upon theend of the grass-seed wheel-shaft. Now, upon raising the lifting-bar L,and with it the hoes, the cam f draws backward the arm K and disengagesthe wheel M from the wheel II; or should the wheel 11 be fastened, as isusual, upon the wheel I), when the drill was backed the wheel M would beautomatically torced out of engagement with the wheel ll, therebystopping the seeding mechanism; or should any rubbish be thrown up andcaught in the gears, the wheel M would yield and prevent the cogs frombeing broken.

1 am aware that it is not new to employ an intermediate loose gear-wheelhung upon a gravitatiug arm,and consequentlydisclaim the principleinvolved.

The teed-wheel, Figs. 7 and S, is composed ot two parts, a huh, A, and asleeve, 13, the latter titting over the former and attached thereto, soas to revolve with it, but free to slide thereon, by means of the keysfitting in longitudinal diametrical slots I1. One end of the huh isot'increased diameter, as shown, and terminates in serrations 2'. Thesleeve, likewise, is of two diameters, the smaller of which coincideswith the larger of the hub, and its edge is serrated to correspond withthe serrations 1'. The larger portion snugly fits into aearrying'slccve, and servesto preventthe grain 1 from passing out at theend of the cup. This wheel revolves upon the shaft J inside of anon-rotating adjustahle cylinder, (",iu the seedcup, such as waspatented to me October 17, 1876.

The present teed-wheel has these advantages: There is a continuouschannel between the smooth portion of the hub and the bottom of theseedcup, so that there is no danger of crushing the grain, while at; thesame time the edges of the serrations regulate the size of the channeland serve to force the grain to the discharge-orifice.

The cup 0, in which the wheel just described revolves, is constructed asshown in Figs. 5 aml 6. It is cast in one piece with the bridge j, andis an integral part; thereof.

The essential improvement consists in forming a recess, l, in the end ofthe cup. (Shown by dotted lines in Fig. 5.) In this recess the end ofthe feed-wheel is confined, and by this arrangement all danger ofcrushing the grain between the end of the wheel and the case is avoided.

In Figs. 1 and 4, m m are two brackets attached to the under side of thegrass-seed hopper at each end. In these brackets are slots inclineddownward and to the rear, in which a board, T, can slide longitudinally.This board is arranged under the grass-seed cups, and is provided with aseries of apertures, 0, arranged vertically under the discharge-orificesot' the seed-cups, so that the seed will fall through them in front ofthe drill-h0es.

When it is desirable to have the seed fall in the rear of the hoes, itis only necessary to slide the board T until the discharge orifices andapertures are out of line, when the seed will slide down the inclinedside of the board and drop over its rear edge behind the hoes.

\V, Fi 4, shows a front elevation of my improved land-measure and itslocation upon the rear side of the hopper. It consists of a case, V,Fig. 9, in the bottom of which is pivoted a gear-wheel, O, which isrevolved by means of a worm, f, upon the shaft J.

l) E are two gear-wheels of a cone upon a central shaft, F, to which thelonger indexhand is attached. The wheel D receives its motion from thewheel 0' through a worm, g". The smaller index is secured upon a sleeve,f on the inner end of which is a gear-wheel, G. This latter gears withthe cone-wheel H, upon a shaft, I, that projects from the side of thecase. The small wheel E gears with the large wheel K on the shaft I, andthus transmits motion to the short index.

Figs. 10 and 11 represent a spring-hoe. s s are the two parallel bars ofthe drag-bar, pivoted to the hoe at w. tis a shorter bar or lever,pivoted at its rear end to the upper bracket t of the hoe, and havingits forward end, which is wedge shaped and hooked, passed between thebars 8.

In a housing, W, rigidly attached upon the bars .9, is a rubber spring,1:, confined upon a central pin, a", that projects through the top ofthe housing, and has a thread cut upon its lower end, on which adisk-nut, to, works to regulate the compression of the sprin The lowerend of the pin a" passesbetween the bars 8, and is held from moving inany but a longitudinal direction by shoulders y, Fig. 11. The lower endof the pin also rests in the hooked portion of the arm 1, which latterpasses over a pin, on.

When the point of the hoe meets with an obstruction it turns upon thepivot :10, forcing the arm t forward until its wedge-shaped end pressesup the pm a and its disk-nut u, thereby compressing the spring. Afterthe obstacle is passed, the spring 1:, reacting, causes the arm to bethrown back, thus resetting the hoe.

Having thus fully described my invention, I claim as follows:

1. The detachable arm B, united at its forward end to one of theconnected swinging beams A, and capable of adjustment to the lever Gr,operated by a cam, I or equivalent device, whereby the hoes can beeither adjusted in straight or zigzag ranks by hand or have a constantreciprocating motion, substantially as specified.

2. The arm I3, having a widened portion, 0, and a slot, 0, incombination with the stud c and the screw 11 of the arm G, substantiallyas specified.

3. In combination with the cam-wheel E and arm B, connected to the beamsA, the trifurcated lever G, pivoted to the bearing-plate l substantiallyas specified.

4. The bell-crank arm K, hung upon the shaft J, and having pivoted to itthe loose gear'wheel M, and provided in its rear with a heart-shapedaperture, in combination with the cams f upon the lifting-bar, wherebythe driving gears become automatically disengaged when the drill isbacked or when the hoes are lifted, as and in the manner set forth.

5. The perforated adjustable grass-seed distributer T, hung in bracketsunder the hopper, whereby the seed can be made to f. ll either in thefront or in the rear of the hoes, as specifled.

\Vitness my hand this 24th day of July, A. D. 1877.

\YILLIAM ll. NAUMAN.

\Vi tnesses:

OHAs. M. Puck, WM. RITCHIE.

